营养保健师考试复习题（基本理论）
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 156.6pt; mso-char-indent-count: 13.0;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">营养保健师考试复习题（基本理论）</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p><font face="宋体"> </font></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">一、填空题</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体"> </font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">1. </font></span><font face="宋体">人体所需营养素中，能够提供能量的是</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> </span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">碳水化合物<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">、</span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> </span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">脂肪<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">和<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">蛋白质<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> </span></span></font><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">。 </font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体"> </font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">2. </font></span><font face="宋体">健康成年人能量消耗包括</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> </span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">基础代谢<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">、</span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> </span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">体力活动<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> </span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">、</span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> </span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">食物特殊动力学作用<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u></font><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">三个方面。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体"> </font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">3. </font></span><font face="宋体">我国膳食营养素参考摄入量<span lang="EN-US">(DRI)</span>包括</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> </span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">平衡需要量（<span lang="EN-US">EAR</span>）<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">、</span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> </span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">推荐摄入量（<span lang="EN-US">RNI</span>）<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> </span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">、</span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> </span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">适宜<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>摄入量（<span lang="EN-US">AI</span>）<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">、和</span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> </span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">可耐受最高摄入量（<span lang="EN-US">UL</span>）<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u></font><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体"> </font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">4. Ⅰ</font></span><font face="宋体">型原发性骨质疏松与</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> </span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">绝经后卵巢内分泌功能低下雌激素<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> </span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">分泌减少有关，多发生于女性。<span lang="EN-US">Ⅱ</span>型原发性骨质疏松主要与年龄有关，多发于</span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> 70</span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">岁以上<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">人群，男女发病率比例是</span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> 1</span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">：<span lang="EN-US">2 </span></span></u></font><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体"> </font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">5. </font></span><font face="宋体">富含蛋白质的食物在烧焦时最容易产生</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> </span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">杂环胺<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">和</span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> </span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">多环芳烃<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u></font><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体"> </font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">6. </font></span><font face="宋体">黄曲霉毒素致癌力最强。我国食品标准中，对他的最大允许量标准是：</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> </span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">玉米、花生仁、花生<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>油<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> ‹20μg/kg; </span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> </span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">其他粮食、豆类和发酵食品<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><5μg/kg;</span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> </span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">婴儿食品<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u></font><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">中不得检出。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体"> </font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">7. </font></span><font face="宋体">严重创伤，烧伤及术后，患者补充水溶性维生素一般以正常需要的</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> 2---3</span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">倍<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">较为合适。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体"> </font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">8. </font></span><font face="宋体">体温每升高<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="1" unitname="℃"><span lang="EN-US">1℃</span></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">,</span>基础代谢约增加</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> 13% </span></u><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体"> </font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">9. </font></span><font face="宋体">热能消耗最多的是</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> </span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">耐力<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">项目的运动员，蛋白质需要最多的是</span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> </span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">力量<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u></font><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">项目的运动员。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体"> </font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">10. </font></span><font face="宋体">人体每天排出水的主要途径是</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> </span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">尿液<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">、</span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> </span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">呼吸<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">、</span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> </span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">皮肤<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">和</span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> </span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">粪便<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> </span></span></font><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体"> </font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">11. </font></span><font face="宋体">富含铁的常见动物性食物有</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> </span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">猪肝<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> </span></u></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">、</span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> </span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">猪血<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u><span class="a0"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> </span></u></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">、</span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> </span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">鸡蛋黄<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u><span class="a0"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> </span></u></span></font><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体"> </font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">12. </font></span><font face="宋体">鱼类脂肪不仅含量低，而且其脂肪多由</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> </span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">多不饱和脂肪酸<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">组成，熔点低，消化吸收率高，具有降低血脂、防治动脉粥样硬化的作用。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体"> </font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">13. </font></span><font face="宋体">绿叶蔬菜中存在的</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> </span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">草酸<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">会影响到钙和铁的吸收，可先在开水中焯一下，以利钙、铁的吸收。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体"> </font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">14. </font></span><font face="宋体">随着孕期的进展，孕妇体重逐渐增加，妊娠<span lang="EN-US">40</span>周内一般约增加</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>10.0—<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="12.5" unitname="kg">12.5kg</chmetcnv> </span></u><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">。体重增长过多可使孕妇</span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> </span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">高血压<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">的发病机会增加，而体重增长过少又易使</span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">_ </span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">早产儿<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u></font><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">的发病率增高。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体"> </font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">15. </font></span><font face="宋体">母乳中含铁量少，新生儿出生时肝脏中有一定量的铁储备，可供婴儿头</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> 4</span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">个月<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">的消耗，</span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> 4</span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">个月<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> </span></span></font><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">后应添加含铁辅食。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体"> </font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">16. </font></span><font face="宋体">为保证婴儿期的正常生长发育，</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> </span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">合理喂养<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">是个关键，</span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> </span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">母乳喂养<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> </span></span></font><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">和适时地<span lang="EN-US"> </span>添加辅食<span lang="EN-US"> </span>是保证婴儿生长发育的最重要物质基础。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体"> </font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">17. </font></span><font face="宋体">婴幼儿辅食添加的原则是<span lang="EN-US"> </span></font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> </span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">应循序渐进<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">、</span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> </span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">品种应从一种到多种<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> </span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">、<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></span><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">数量上应从少到多</span></u><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">、<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></span><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">感官性状上应从稀到稠</span></u><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">、 </span></span><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">从细到粗<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u></font><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体"> </font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">18. </font></span><font face="宋体">骨质疏松症可分为<span lang="EN-US"> </span></font></span></span><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">原发性骨质疏松症</span></u><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> </span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">、</span></span><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">继发性骨质疏松症</span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> </span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">和<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></span><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">特发性骨质疏松症</span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> </span></span></font><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">等三类。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体"> </font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">19. </font></span><font face="宋体">原发性骨质疏松症是以</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> </span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">骨量减少</span></u><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> </span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">、</span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> </span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">骨组织微结构退变<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">为特征，以致<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></span><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">骨的脆性增高</span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> </span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">、</span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> </span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">骨折危险性增加</span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> </span></span></font><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">的一种全身性骨病。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体"> </font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">20. </font></span><font face="宋体">平衡膳食宝塔分为那五类食物：</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> </span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">谷类食物<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> </span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">、<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></span><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">蔬菜和水果<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> </span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">、<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></span><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">鱼、禽、肉、蛋等动物性食物</span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> </span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">、</span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> </span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">奶类和豆类食物<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> </span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">、</span></span><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">油脂类 </span></u><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">。</span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">二、单项选择题</font><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"> <br/>1. </span>为患者王某某选一营养治疗膳</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">__C__</span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">王某某情况：慢性肝炎<span lang="EN-US">10</span>年，目前肝硬化，食道静脉曲张，腹水，血浆蛋白低。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A </font></span><font face="宋体">高蛋白膳食 <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B </span>低盐，高蛋白膳食</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C </font></span><font face="宋体">低盐，高蛋白，少渣膳食 <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>D </span>低盐，高蛋白，高维生素膳食</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">2. </font></span><font face="宋体">对蛋白质<span lang="EN-US">- </span>能量营养不良（<span lang="EN-US">PEM</span>）的治疗原则是</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">__D__</span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">给高蛋白，高热量饮食 <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B </span>给高蛋白，高热量<span lang="EN-US">,</span>高维生素饮食</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C </font></span><font face="宋体">给营养平衡膳食 <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>D </span>合理补给营养素，对症治疗原发病</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">3. </font></span><font face="宋体">在下列元素中，目前认为有促进手术病人伤口愈合作用的是</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> E </span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体"> <br/> A </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">硒<span lang="EN-US"> B </span>碘<span lang="EN-US"> C </span>锰<span lang="EN-US"> D </span>铬<span lang="EN-US"> E </span>锌</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">4. </font></span><font face="宋体">为了预防并发症，胃切除术后恢复期</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> E </span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体"> <br/> A </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">可随意选用牛奶<span lang="EN-US"> B </span>应大量饮用牛奶</font><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"> <br/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C </span>可少量选用牛奶<span lang="EN-US"> D </span>适量选用牛奶<span lang="EN-US"> E</span>不宜选用牛奶</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">5. </font></span><font face="宋体">严重烧伤病人从尿中及创面中丢失钾较多，可选用下列食品补充</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> E </span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="宋体"> A </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">各种粗粮<span lang="EN-US"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B </span>牛奶、鸡蛋</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体"> C </font></span><font face="宋体">各种水果、蔬菜<span lang="EN-US"> D </span>土豆、粉条<span lang="EN-US"> E </span>各种豆类</font><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"> <br/><br/>6. </span>运动员对<span lang="EN-US">B</span>族维生素的需求量大于一般成年人，其主要原因是</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> A </span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体"> <br/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">能量消耗大<span lang="EN-US"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B </span>消化、吸收能力差；</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C </font></span><font face="宋体">食物中缺乏<span lang="EN-US">B</span>族维生素<span lang="EN-US"> D </span>缺铁性贫血发生率高</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">7. </font></span><font face="宋体">深海鱼油中富含<span lang="EN-US"> </span></font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> A </span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A n-3</font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">系列多不饱和脂肪酸 <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B n-6</span>系列多不饱和脂肪酸</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C n-7</font></span><font face="宋体">系列多不饱和脂肪酸<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>D n-9</span>系列多不饱和脂肪酸 <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E </span>丁酸</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">8. </font></span><font face="宋体">正常人每日胆固醇摄入量应为<span lang="EN-US"> </span></font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> E </span></u><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <br/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A <50mg <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B <100mg<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C <150mg <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>D <200mg <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E <300mg<br/><br/>9. </span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">以下哪种食物胆固醇含量最高<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> A </span></u></font><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体"> <br/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A</font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">猪肝 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">B</span>瘦猪肉 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">C</span>鸡腿肉 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">D</span>牛奶 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">E</span>带鱼</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">10. </font></span><font face="宋体">必需脂肪酸是指<span lang="EN-US"> </span></font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> E </span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体"> <br/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A</font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">油酸 <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B n-3</span>系列多不饱和脂肪酸<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C n-6</span>系列多不饱和脂肪酸</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>D</font></span><font face="宋体">饱和脂肪酸 <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E n-6</span>系列的亚油酸和<span lang="EN-US">n-3</span>系列的<span lang="EN-US">α-</span>亚麻酸</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">11. </font></span><font face="宋体">糖醇的代谢不需要胰岛素，故常用于哪种治疗膳食</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> D </span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体"> <br/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A</font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">肾病 <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B</span>肝炎 <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C</span>胃溃疡 <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>D</span>糖尿病<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E</span>胆囊炎</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">12. </font></span><font face="宋体">肝硬化合并腹水的患者，每日食盐应限制在<span lang="EN-US"> </span></font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> A </span></u><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <br/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A 1.2<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="True" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="2" unitname="g">-2.0g</chmetcnv>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B 2.2<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="True" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="2.5" unitname="g">-2.5g</chmetcnv>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C <chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="3" unitname="g">3g</chmetcnv>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>D <chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="3.5" unitname="g">3.5g</chmetcnv>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E <chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="4" unitname="g">4g</chmetcnv><br/><br/>13. </span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">下列哪种营养素是抗氧化营养素</span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> B </span></u></font><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体"> <br/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A</font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">铬 <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B</span>硒 <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C</span>锌 <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>D</span>维生素<span lang="EN-US">pp <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E</span>钼</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">14. </font></span><font face="宋体">下列哪种疾病应补充碘</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> C </span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">克山病 <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B </span>甲状腺机能亢进 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">C </span>地方性甲状腺肿 <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>D </span>甲状腺肿瘤 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">E </span>嗜铬细胞瘤</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">15. </font></span><font face="宋体">维生素<span lang="EN-US">A</span>缺乏症可引起</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> E </span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体"> <br/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A</font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">佝偻病 <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B</span>脚气病 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">C</span>坏血病 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">D</span>癞皮病 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">E</span>夜盲症</font><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">
<br/><br/>16. </span>我国营养学会建议乳母每日膳食能量摄入量在非孕妇女基础上增加</font></span></span><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>D </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A 200kcal <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B 300kcal <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C 400kcal <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>D 500kcal <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E 600kcal<br/><br/>17. </font></span></span><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">下列哪组营养素是孕妇最容易缺乏的<span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> A </span></u></font><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">能量、蛋白质、钙、铁、锌、叶酸 <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B </span>脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素<span lang="EN-US">B2</span>、铜</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C </font></span><font face="宋体">蛋白质、脂肪、钾、钙 <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>D </span>必需氨基酸、必需脂肪酸、维生素</font><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">B12<br/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E </span>能量、钙、维生素<span lang="EN-US">A</span>、铁、氟、碘</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">18. </font></span><font face="宋体">婴儿辅食应先强化哪种矿物质 </font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> A </span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">铁 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">B </span>锌 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">C </span>钙 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">D </span>碘 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">E</span>氟</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">19. </font></span><font face="宋体">儿童维生素<span lang="EN-US">D</span>缺乏可导致<span lang="EN-US"> </span></font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> C </span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A</font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">干眼病<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B</span>坏血病<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C</span>佝偻病<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>D</span>胃软化症<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E</span>骨质疏松</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">20. </font></span><font face="宋体">老年人每天钙的适宜摄入量是</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> D </span></u><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <br/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A 600mg<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B 800mg<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C 1200mg<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>D 1000mg<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E 2000mg<br/><br/>21. </span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">减体重的适宜速度是</span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> D </span></u></font><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A</font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">每天<span lang="EN-US">1.0<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="True" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="1.5" unitname="kg">-1.5Kg</chmetcnv>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B</span>每月<span lang="EN-US">1.0<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="True" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="1.5" unitname="kg">-1.5Kg</chmetcnv>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C</span>每周</font><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">0.5<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="True" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="1" unitname="kg">-1.0Kg</chmetcnv>
<br/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>D</span>每月<span lang="EN-US">0.5<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="True" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="1" unitname="kg">-1.0Kg</chmetcnv>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E</span>每天</font><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">0.5<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="True" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="1" unitname="kg">-1.0Kg</chmetcnv><br/><br/>22. </span>急性胃炎禁选哪组食物</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> D </span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A</font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">蛋类、面片汤、溜豆腐 <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B</span>去油肉汤、馒头、拌土豆丝</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C</font></span><font face="宋体">米糊、发面饼、汆鸡肉丸 <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>D</span>全麦面包、荞麦粥、炒油菜 <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E</span>藕粉、叉烧包、拌土豆丝</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">23. </font></span><font face="宋体">运动员减<span lang="EN-US">/</span>控体重时，由蛋白质提供的热能百分比应该</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> C </span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">小于<span lang="EN-US">10% <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B 10%-14% <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C 15%-18% <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>D 20%</span>以上</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">24. </font></span><font face="宋体">一般训练水平的运动员，当失水量为体重的<span lang="EN-US"> </span></font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> A </span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体"> </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">时，即可影响生理功能和运动能力</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A 2-3% B 3-4% <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C 4-5% D 5-6%<br/><br/>25. </font></span><font face="宋体">运动前、中、后补糖都是十分重要的，运动前补糖的主要目的是<span lang="EN-US"> </span></font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> A </span></u><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> <br/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A </span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">增加糖原储备<span lang="EN-US"> B </span>加速糖异生<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 12pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0;"><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C </span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">节约糖原<span lang="EN-US"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>D </span>提高血糖水平</span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">三、多项选择题</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">1. </font></span><font face="宋体">供给人体能量的营养素包括</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> B</span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">、<span lang="EN-US">D</span>、<span lang="EN-US">E </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体"> <br/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">维生素 <span lang="EN-US">B </span>碳水化合物<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C </span>矿物质 <span lang="EN-US">D </span>蛋白质<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E </span>脂肪</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">2. </font></span><font face="宋体">下列哪些人群处于氮平衡</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> A</span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">、<span lang="EN-US">B</span>、<span lang="EN-US">C</span>、<span lang="EN-US">E </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">婴幼儿 <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B </span>儿童 <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C </span>孕妇 <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>D </span>老年人 <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E </span>青少年</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">3. </font></span><font face="宋体">富含膳食纤维的食物有</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> A</span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">、<span lang="EN-US">C</span>、<span lang="EN-US">D</span>、<span lang="EN-US">E </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">谷类<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B </span>肉类 <span lang="EN-US"> C </span>薯类 <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>D </span>豆类<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E </span>蔬菜及水果</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">4. </font></span><font face="宋体">膳食纤维在糖尿病的饮食治疗中所起的作用 </font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> B</span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">、<span lang="EN-US">C</span>、<span lang="EN-US">D </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">降低空腹血糖<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B </span>降低餐后血糖<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C </span>改善葡萄糖耐量</font><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">
<br/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>D </span>可停用降糖药<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E </span>增加饱腹感</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">5. </font></span><font face="宋体">肝脏手术后容易发生的营养问题包括</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> A</span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">、<span lang="EN-US">B</span>、<span lang="EN-US">C</span>、<span lang="EN-US">E </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">影响维生素吸收 <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B </span>低蛋白血脂 <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C </span>凝血功能障碍 <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>D </span>胆汁分泌增加 <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E </span>免疫功能下降</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">6. </font></span><font face="宋体">影响基础代谢的因素有哪项</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> B</span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">、<span lang="EN-US">C</span>、<span lang="EN-US">D</span>、<span lang="EN-US">E </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">遗传 <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B </span>体重 <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C </span>性别和年龄 <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>D </span>生理状态 <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E </span>环境因素</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">7. </font></span><font face="宋体">有利于钙吸收的因素有哪几种</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> A</span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">、<span lang="EN-US">C</span>、<span lang="EN-US">D</span>、<span lang="EN-US">E </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体"> <br/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">维生素<span lang="EN-US">D<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B </span>铁<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C </span>某些氨基酸<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>D </span>乳糖<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E </span>钙磷化</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">8. </font></span><font face="宋体">管饲膳食适用于哪几种病人</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> A</span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">、<span lang="EN-US">B</span>、<span lang="EN-US">E </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">不能经口进食<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B </span>昏迷<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C </span>重度偏食<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>D </span>异食癖<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E </span>严重营养不良、食欲极差</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">9. </font></span><font face="宋体">骨质疏松的非药物治疗包括哪几个方面</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> A</span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">、<span lang="EN-US">B</span>、<span lang="EN-US">C</span>、<span lang="EN-US">D </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">物理疗法<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B </span>营养疗法<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C </span>运动疗法<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>D </span>日光浴<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E </span>静卧、</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">10. </font></span><font face="宋体">痛风病人可经常食用的食物有</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> A</span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">、<span lang="EN-US">B</span>、<span lang="EN-US">C</span>、<span lang="EN-US">D </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">精白米<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B </span>大白菜<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C </span>黄瓜<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>D </span>水果<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E </span>猪肉</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">11. </font></span><font face="宋体">以下哪些住院病人易出现蛋白质<span lang="EN-US">—</span>能量营养不良</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> A</span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">、<span lang="EN-US">B</span>、<span lang="EN-US">C</span>、<span lang="EN-US">D</span>、<span lang="EN-US">E </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">肝病<span lang="EN-US"> B </span>高热<span lang="EN-US"> C</span>大面积烧伤<span lang="EN-US"> D </span>放疗<span lang="EN-US"> E </span>短肠综合症</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">12. </font></span><font face="宋体">烧伤患者易出哪几种并发症</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> A</span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">、<span lang="EN-US">B</span>、<span lang="EN-US">C</span>、<span lang="EN-US">D</span>、<span lang="EN-US">E</span>、<span lang="EN-US">F </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">应激性溃疡和出血性胃炎<span lang="EN-US"> B </span>腹泻<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C </span>肝功能障碍<span lang="EN-US"> <p></p></span></font></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> D </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">应激性糖尿病<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E </span>败血症<span lang="EN-US"> F </span>急性肾功能衰竭</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">13. </font></span><font face="宋体">引起食物中毒的原因有哪些</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> A</span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">、<span lang="EN-US">B</span>、<span lang="EN-US">C</span>、<span lang="EN-US">D </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">细菌性食物中毒<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B</span>有毒的动、植物中毒</font><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">
<br/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C</span>化学性食物中毒<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>D</span>霉菌毒素食物中毒</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">14. </font></span><font face="宋体">含胆固醇较丰富的食物有</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> A</span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">、<span lang="EN-US">C</span>、<span lang="EN-US">D</span>、<span lang="EN-US">E </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">猪肝 <span lang="EN-US"> B </span>鱼类<span lang="EN-US"> C </span>猪肾<span lang="EN-US"> D </span>猪脑<span lang="EN-US"> E </span>蛋黄</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">15. </font></span><font face="宋体">下列哪些食物蛋白质属于优质蛋白质</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> A</span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">、<span lang="EN-US">C</span>、<span lang="EN-US">D <br/></span></span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">牛奶 <span lang="EN-US"> B </span>花生<span lang="EN-US"> C </span>鸡蛋<span lang="EN-US"> D </span>鱼肉<span lang="EN-US"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E </span>白瓜子</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">16. </font></span><font face="宋体">蔬菜水果含有丰富的</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> A</span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">、<span lang="EN-US">B</span>、<span lang="EN-US">C </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">维生素 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="EN-US"> B </span>矿物质<span lang="EN-US"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C </span>膳食纤维<span lang="EN-US"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>D </span>蛋白质<span lang="EN-US"> E </span>脂肪</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">17. </font></span><font face="宋体">含糖较多的蔬菜有</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> C</span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">、<span lang="EN-US">D</span>、<span lang="EN-US">E </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">小白菜<span lang="EN-US"> B </span>油菜<span lang="EN-US"> C </span>胡萝卜<span lang="EN-US"> D </span>洋葱 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="EN-US"> E </span>藕</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">18. </font></span><font face="宋体">含维生素<span lang="EN-US">C</span>较多的蔬菜有</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> A</span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">、<span lang="EN-US">B</span>、<span lang="EN-US">E </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">柿子椒<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> B </span>菜花 <span lang="EN-US"> C </span>萝卜<span lang="EN-US"> D </span>南瓜<span lang="EN-US"> E </span>菠菜</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">19. </font></span><font face="宋体">含胡萝卜素较丰富的蔬菜有</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> A</span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">、<span lang="EN-US">C</span>、<span lang="EN-US">E </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">胡萝卜<span lang="EN-US"> B </span>冬瓜<span lang="EN-US"> C </span>南瓜<span lang="EN-US"> D </span>西葫芦 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="EN-US"> E</span>苋菜</font><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">
<br/><br/>20. </span>锌的主要食物来源是</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> A</span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">、<span lang="EN-US">C</span>、<span lang="EN-US">D </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">肉类<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B </span>蔬菜类 <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C </span>鱼类<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>D </span>海产品类<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E </span>水果类</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">21. </font></span><font face="宋体">预防骨质疏松症的主要措施有</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> A</span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">、<span lang="EN-US">B</span>、<span lang="EN-US">C</span>、<span lang="EN-US">D</span>、<span lang="EN-US">E </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">合理的膳食营养<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B </span>经常性运动 <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C </span>良好的生活方式</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>D </font></span><font face="宋体">预防性使用药物 <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E </span>避免服用促骨质丢失的药品</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">22. </font></span><font face="宋体">孕期营养不良对母亲的影响最常见的是</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> B</span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">、<span lang="EN-US">C</span>、<span lang="EN-US">D</span>、<span lang="EN-US">E </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">钾缺乏引起的低钾血症<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B </span>铁缺乏引起的缺铁性贫血</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C </font></span><font face="宋体">维生素<span lang="EN-US">D</span>和钙缺乏引起的骨质软化症 <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>D </span>蛋白质或硫胺素缺乏引起的浮肿</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E </font></span><font face="宋体">某些维生素缺乏症</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">23. </font></span><font face="宋体">关于乳母期的营养需要，正确的叙述为</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> A</span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">、<span lang="EN-US">B</span>、<span lang="EN-US">E </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">乳母每日膳食能量摄入量应在非孕妇女基础上增加</font><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">500kcal<br/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B </span>乳母蛋白质的推荐摄入量较一般成年妇女每日应增加<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="20" unitname="g"><span lang="EN-US">20g</span></chmetcnv><br/><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C </span>乳母蛋白质的推荐摄入量较一般成年妇女每日应增加<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="40" unitname="g"><span lang="EN-US">40g</span></chmetcnv><br/><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>D </span>乳母膳食钙的摄入量为每日</font><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">800mg<br/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E </span>乳母膳食钙的摄入量为每日</font><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">1200mg<br/><br/>24. </span>婴幼儿常见的营养缺乏病是</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> A</span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">、<span lang="EN-US">D</span>、<span lang="EN-US">E </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体"> <br/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">佝偻病<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B </span>蛋白质<span lang="EN-US">-</span>热能营养不良</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C </font></span><font face="宋体">脚气病<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>D </span>缺铁性贫血<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E </span>锌缺乏症</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">25. </font></span><font face="宋体">老年期主要的生理变化特点为</font></span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> A</span></u><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">、<span lang="EN-US">B</span>、<span lang="EN-US">C</span>、<span lang="EN-US">E </span></span></u><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体"> <br/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">基础代谢下降 <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B </span>脂肪组织增加，瘦体组织减少</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C </font></span><font face="宋体">消化功能减退<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>D </span>体内水分增加，骨密度升高</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><fon
