营养保健师考试复习题（基本操作）
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 180.7pt; mso-char-indent-count: 15.0;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">营养保健师考试复习题（基本操作）</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p><font face="宋体"> </font></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a0"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">一、论述题</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span></span></b></span><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">1. </span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">试列举存在于膳食中具有抗动脉粥样硬化症的非营养因素。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">答：随着科学的发展，一些特殊的的营养成份被发现，它们可能与动脉粥样硬化有一定的联系：</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">（</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">）</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">真菌多糖：如香菇、木耳等大型食用真菌，经现代科学证明具有显著降胆固醇作用，此外，木耳还具有抗凝血作用，因而对防治动脉粥样硬化是有好处；</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 25.7pt; TEXT-INDENT: -25.7pt; mso-char-indent-count: -2.45;"><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">（</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">）二硫化合物：如洋葱、大蒜等，可以使血胆固醇和血纤维蛋白原下降，凝血时间延长，血纤维蛋白溶解酶活力增高，主动脉脂类沉着减少；</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">（</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">）海藻多糖：海生植物如海带及其他海藻，动物实验中有些有明显降血脂和抗凝血作用；</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 26.15pt; mso-para-margin-left: 2.49gd;"><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">酒精、咖啡、茶叶和牛奶：流行病学和动物实验表明，茶叶具有降血胆固醇、降血压和预防动脉粥样硬化的作用，咖啡，酒精和牛奶含有一种能降低血胆固醇的因子，机理尚不明了。</span></span><font face="Times New Roman"><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">
</span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></b></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="宋体">2. </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">用己掌握知识谈谈膳食因素与肿瘤发生的关系<span lang="EN-US">? </span>如何进行膳食预防<span lang="EN-US">? <p></p></span></font></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">答：</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">、之间的关系：</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">一些食物成份可能会增加发生肿瘤的危险，如：过量的脂肪、能量、蛋白质、酒精、</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">N-</font></span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">亚硝基化合物、杀虫剂、某些食品添加剂。而有的膳食营养素却能起保护作用，如：膳食纤维、抗氧化性维生素、微量元素。</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">（</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">）</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">膳食脂类：膳食中脂肪对肿瘤发病的影响是研究最多的因素之一，目前较一致的看法是高脂肪、高能量饮食可以促进结肠癌及乳腺癌的发生；</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">（</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">）</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">碳水化物：精制食糖的量与乳酸癌发生率有关，但关于淀粉与胃癌发病的关系，目前还存在较大争论；</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">（</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">）</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">蛋白质：膳食蛋白质可能与乳腺、子宫内膜、结肠、胰、肾等部位的肿瘤有关，流行病学调查发现，动物蛋白及总蛋白摄入量与以上癌症有正相关；</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">（</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">）</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">维生素：资料显示，维生素</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">A</font></span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">或β－胡萝卜素摄入量与肿瘤呈负相关，维生素</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">C</font></span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">和维生素</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">E</font></span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">具有抗氧化作用，可防止</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">N</font></span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">－亚硝基化合物形成。</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">（</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">）</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">微量元素、膳食纤维、食品中天然致癌物、食品加工致癌物污染、植物肿瘤阻断剂等都会影响肿瘤的发生。</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2.</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">膳食防治：</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">）</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">食用营养丰富，以植物性食物为主的多样化膳食</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">）</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">保持理想体重</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">）</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">坚持体力活动</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">）</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">改善烹饪方式</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">）</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">限制饮酒和吸烟</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5;"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="宋体">3. </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">如何评价住院病人营养状况<span lang="EN-US">? <p></p></span></font></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -6pt; mso-char-indent-count: -.5; mso-para-margin-left: 1.5gd;"><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">答：评价住院病人营养状况的指标和方法，与进行正常营养调查基本相同，主要是依据膳食调查、人体测量、临床体征检查、实验室生化检验所取得的结果和数据，进行全面的综合分析和评定。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt;"><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">人体测量和临床体征检查 对住院病人的身高、体重、皮褶厚度、上臂围进行测量，同时检查有无营养缺乏病体征以及严重程度，是营养状况评价的第一步。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt;"><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">饮食史调查采集的重点在于膳食史、已存在的病理与营养素影响因子、用药史及治疗手段、对食物的过敏及不耐受性等；<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt;"><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">3</span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">、实验室检查：根据病人饮食史所表现出的某些缺乏、或病、用药情况，可以考虑对病人血和尿的营养素或其代谢物含量进行生化检验。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt;"><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">4</span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">、住院病人综合营养评定：<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt;"><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">A.</span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">预后营养指数<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt;"><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">B.</span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">营养危险指数<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt;"><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">C.</span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">营养评定指数<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt;"><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">D.</span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">腹部创伤指数<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt;"><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">E.</span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">住院病人预后指数<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt;"><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">F.</span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">主观全面评定：以详细的病史临床检查为依据，省略了生化检验，其内容包括体重、饮食、活动能力的改变、肌肉的消耗及应激反应等；<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt;"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">G.</font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">微型营养评定：主要用于老年人的人体营养状况评定方法，其内容包括人体测量、整体评定、膳食问卷、主观评定；</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span></span></span><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">4. </span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">结合实际，谈谈如何有效开展营养咨询工作<span lang="EN-US">?<p></p></span></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5;"><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">答：个人营养咨询包括营养体格状况检查、饮食营养史调查、及必要的化验检查，作出营养状况评价，然后提出营养咨询意见。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5;"><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">(1)SOPA</span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">营养咨询方法：询问饮食营养状况，体格营养状况检查，营养评价和饮食营养计划。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5;"><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">(2)</span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">收集病史要注意的事项：影响社区居民营养状况因素，可包括何种营养素缺，有关心理和社会因素，如饮酒、吸烟、经济状况、患急性和慢性病对营养影响，与营养可能有关的药品，与营养有关的其它病史；了解药物作用、诊断过程、在医院的手术和治疗情况，如化学治疗和放射治疗，出院后的情况；<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5;"><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">(3)</span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">采集饮食史：营养咨询是营养保健师的基本技能，对于不同目的，可选用不同的方法，进行营养筛选，发现高危人群，优行进行营养保健。根据咨询对象的饮食习惯，用简单的方法让居民性得如何具体进行饮食营养干预，并尽可能地配合，这样才能保证营养咨询的效果。方法有<span lang="EN-US">24</span>小时回顾法、经常性进食状况调查、食物频率法和食物记录法等；<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5;"><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">(4)</span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">膳食调查：即饮食营养调查，这是营养咨询的基础。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5;"><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">(5)</span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">微型营养评定：其评价内容包括人体测量、整体评定、膳食问卷及主观评定。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5;"><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">营养咨询举例：<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5;"><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">患者为<span lang="EN-US">42</span>岁的男性，身高<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="174" unitname="cm"><span lang="EN-US">174cm</span></chmetcnv>，体重<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="75" unitname="kg"><span lang="EN-US">75kg</span></chmetcnv>，临床诊断为“高脂蛋白血症”，询问病史，结合有关检查，给出营养评价、每天饮食中营养素供给量、食物分配、饮食营养治疗的原则、推荐营养食谱、有关饮食中脂肪及胆固醇含量、饮食禁忌、营养师咨询意见等。</font></span></span><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="宋体">5. </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">简述中老年人的饮食原则？</font><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">
<br/></span>答：中年人的饮食原则：<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1</span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">、控制总热量，避免肥胖，每日摄入的热量应控制在<span lang="EN-US">7500—8370 </span>千焦耳。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2</span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">、保持适量蛋白质，每天需摄入<span lang="EN-US">70<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="True" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="80" unitname="克">-80<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">克</span></span></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">蛋白质，其中优质蛋白不得少于1/3</span></span>。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>3</span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">、适当限制糖类。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>4</span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">、饮食要低脂肪、低胆固醇。每天摄取的脂肪量应限制在<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="50" unitname="克"><span lang="EN-US">50</span>克</chmetcnv>左右为宜，胆固醇不超过<span lang="EN-US">300</span>毫克。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>5</span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">、多吃含钙质丰富的食物。如牛奶、海带、豆制品等。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>6</span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">、注意食用防癌饮食。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>7</span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">、少食盐，每天进盐量不宜超过<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="6" unitname="克"><span lang="EN-US">6</span>克</chmetcnv>。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>8</span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">、节食。饮食要定期、定量。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">中年人的饮食原则：<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1</span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">、适宜平衡饮食；<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 12pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0;"><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">2</span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">、饮食制度合理；<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 12pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0;"><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">3</span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">、科学烹调加工；<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 12pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0;"><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">4</span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">、忌食肥甘厚味；<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 12pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0;"><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">5</span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">、节制饮食要清洁；<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 12pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0;"><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">6</span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">、食物须新鲜忌过冷热；<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 12pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0;"><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">7</span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">、环境和谐情绪好；<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 12pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0;"><font face="宋体"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">8</span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">、戒烟酒适饮茶。</span></span></font><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></span></span><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a0"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">二、营养咨询<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5;"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="宋体">1. </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">案例：男，<span lang="EN-US">50</span>岁，身高<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="175" unitname="厘米"><span lang="EN-US">175</span>厘米</chmetcnv>，体重<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="78" unitname="公斤"><span lang="EN-US">78</span>公斤</chmetcnv>，临床诊断为原发性高血压。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体">营养评价：该患者理想体重应该为多少<span lang="EN-US">? </span>计算其身体体质指数，判断是否属于肥胖</font><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">?<br/></span>饮食营养治疗措施：</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体"> (1) </font></span><font face="宋体">如何有效控制患者体重<span lang="EN-US">? </span>营养治疗原则是什么</font><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">?<br/></span> <span lang="EN-US">(2) </span>针对其原发性高血压的情况，应提出哪些饮食指导</font><span lang="EN-US"><font face="宋体">?<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><p></p></font></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 15.75pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">答：</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1. </font></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">案例：男，</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">50</font></span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">岁，身高</span></span><chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="175" unitname="厘米"><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">175</font></span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">厘米</span></span></chmetcnv><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">，体重</span></span><chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="78" unitname="公斤"><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">78</font></span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">公斤</span></span></chmetcnv><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">，临床诊断为原发性高血压。</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">营养评价：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.6pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.96;"><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">理想体重</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">=175—105=<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="70" unitname="kg">70Kg</chmetcnv><p></p></font></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">体质指数</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">BMI</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">＝</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">78</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">÷</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<span lang="EN-US">1.752 </span></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">＝</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">25.47<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">BMI</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">18.5——25</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">为正常</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">所以该男士</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">BMI>25<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">属超重（轻微肥胖）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">饮食营养治疗措施：</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">原则：合理控制总能量摄入</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 126pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">严格限制低分子糖、饱和脂肪酸和乙醇等能源物质</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 126pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">供能营养素比例合适</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 126pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">保证足够而平衡的维生素和矿物质的供应</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 126pt; mso-char-indent-count: 12.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">少食多餐更合理</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">饮食指导方案：</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">限制钠盐的摄入</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">限制能量的摄入</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">蛋白质的摄入量严格控制</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">膳食脂类应适当控制，胆固醇小于</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">300Mg,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">减少饱和脂肪酸的摄入</span><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="宋体">2. </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">案例：男性婴儿，<span lang="EN-US">5</span>月龄。身长和体重均在正常范围以内，但母亲感觉孩子最近生长速度不如以前，来门诊咨询。婴儿为足月顺产，一直进行母乳喂养至今，间断添加过菜水和果汁。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="宋体"> </font></span></span><font face="宋体">该婴儿喂养过程中存在什么问题</font><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">?<br/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>进一步应该作一些什么工作以对该婴儿营养与生长发育作出评价</font><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">?<br/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>辅食添加的最佳时间应在什么时候<span lang="EN-US">? </span>添加应注意哪些原则</font><span lang="EN-US"><font face="宋体">? <br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><p></p></font></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p><font face="宋体"> </font></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p><font face="宋体"> </font></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p><font face="宋体"> </font></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p><font face="宋体"> </font></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p><font face="宋体"> </font></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p><font face="宋体"> </font></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p><font face="宋体"> </font></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p><font face="宋体"> </font></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p><font face="宋体"> </font></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span></span><span class="a0"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">三、食谱编制（<span lang="EN-US">40</span>分）</font></span></b></span><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="宋体">1. </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">案例：二型糖尿病女性患者<span lang="EN-US">45</span>岁，身高<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="160" unitname="厘米"><span lang="EN-US">160</span>厘米</chmetcnv>，体重<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="60" unitname="公斤"><span lang="EN-US">60</span>公斤</chmetcnv>，轻体力劳动，空腹血糖<span lang="EN-US">7.5mmol/L</span>，餐后<span lang="EN-US">2</span>小时血糖<span lang="EN-US">12 mmol/L</span>，血脂水平正常，拟采用单纯饮食控制。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体"> </font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体"> 计算该患者每天需要多少能量。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体"> <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(1) </span>标准体重应为多少？</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体"> <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(2) </span>是否属于正常体形</font><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">?<br/></span> <span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(3) </span>按标准，应提供多少能量<span lang="EN-US">? </span>换算为总交换份应为多少份</font><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">? <br/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>如何合理分配每餐交换份数</font><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">?<br/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>请你制订一份符合上述要求的食谱。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">答：</font></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">、<span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">计算每天需要的能量：</span></span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">标准体重＝</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">160—105=<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="55" unitname="kg">55Kg</chmetcnv><p></p></font></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 84pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">(2)BMI=60 </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">÷</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman"> 1.602 =23.44<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 84pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">根据</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">BMI</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">值在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">18</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">－</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">25</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">为正常</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">故该患者属正常体重</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">由<personname wst="on" productid="于该">于该</personname>女士体重接近正常体重上限，所以选择</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">30Kcal<p></p></font></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 105pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">提供能量</span><chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="55" unitname="kg"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">55Kg</font></span></chmetcnv><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">×</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<span lang="EN-US">30Kcal/Kg=1650Kcal<p></p></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 84pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">∵</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">每份为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">90Kcal</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">（每份提供）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 84pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">∴交换份数：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">1650Kcal </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">÷</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<span lang="EN-US">90Kcal=18</span></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">份</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">又∵按早、中、晚分配原则，能量是：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">1/5</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">2/5</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">2/5<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt;"><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">∴早：</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">18 </font></span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">×</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">1/5</font></span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">≈</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman"> 4</font></span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">份，中（晚）：</span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<span lang="EN-US">18 </span></font></span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">×</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">2/5</font></span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">≈</span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<span lang="EN-US">7</span></font></span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">份</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">2. </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">案例：患者男性，<span lang="EN-US">62</span>岁，轻体力劳动，身高<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="167" unitname="cm"><span lang="EN-US">167cm</span></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">,</span>体重<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="82.5" unitname="kg"><span lang="EN-US">82.5kg</span></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">,</span>诊断<span lang="EN-US">2</span>型糖尿病<span lang="EN-US">4</span>年。入院查空腹血糖<span lang="EN-US">7.77mmol/L,</span>餐后<span lang="EN-US">2</span>小时血糖<span lang="EN-US">11.3mmol/L</span>，肝肾功能正常。请计算该患者每日总能量及三大营养素比例。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="宋体">答：</font></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">、理想体重</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">=167-105=62(kg)<p></p></font></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">BMI=82.5/(1.67)2=29.6 >25<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">∴该患者肥胖，从事轻体力活动，则每日每公斤体重能量供应为</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">25 kcal</font></span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">。</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">每日能量计算：</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">25 kcal </font></span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">×</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman"> 62 =1550 kcal<p></p></font></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">三大营养素：蛋白质占</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">15%</font></span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">，脂肪</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">30%</font></span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">，碳水化合物</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">55%<p></p></font></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">蛋白质占：</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman"> 1550 </font></span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">×</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman"> 15%<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>/4 =58(g)<p></p></font></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">脂肪</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1550 </font></span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">×</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman"> 30% /9 = 52(g)<p></p></font></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">碳水化合物</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">: 1550 </font></span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">×</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman"> 55% /4 =213 (g)<p></p></font></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">∴故该患者每日需能量</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">1550 kcal</font></span></span><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">，蛋白质</span></span><chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="58" unitname="g"><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">58g</font></span></span></chmetcnv><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">，脂肪</span></span><chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="52" unitname="g"><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">52g</font></span></span></chmetcnv><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">，碳水化合物</span></span><chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="213" unitname="g"><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><font face="Times New Roman">213g</font></span></span></chmetcnv><span class="a"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">。</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="a0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">3. </font></span></span><span class="a0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="宋体">案例：某健康成年男性，</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="宋体"> </font></span></span><font face="宋体"> 食谱如下：</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="宋体"> </font></span></span><font face="宋体"> 身高<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="175" unitname="厘米"><span lang="EN-US">175</span>厘米</chmetcnv>，体重<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="65" unitname="公斤"><span lang="EN-US">65</span>公斤</chmetcnv>，轻体力劳动。其一日食谱如下：</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="宋体"> </font></span></span><font face="宋体"> 早餐，鲜牛奶<span lang="EN-US">150ml</span>，馒头一个<span lang="EN-US">(<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="100" unitname="g">100g</chmetcnv>)</span>；</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="宋体"> </font></span></span><font face="宋体"> 中餐；米饭<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="200" unitname="g"><span lang="EN-US">200g</span></chmetcnv>、猪肉<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="50" unitname="g"><span lang="EN-US">50g</span></chmetcnv>、芹菜<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="250" unitname="g"><span lang="EN-US">250g</span></chmetcnv>、酱油<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="10" unitname="g"><span lang="EN-US">10g</span></chmetcnv>、植物油<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="6" unitname="g"><span lang="EN-US">6g</span></chmetcnv>、盐<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="2" unitname="g"><span lang="EN-US">2g</span></chmetcnv>；</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="宋体"> </font></span></span><font face="宋体"> 晚餐：米饭<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="200" unitname="g"><span lang="EN-US">200g</span></chmetcnv>、菠菜<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="50" unitname="g"><span lang="EN-US">50g</span></chmetcnv>、豆腐<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="50" unitname="g"><span lang="EN-US">50g</span></chmetcnv>、虾皮<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="5" unitname="g"><span lang="EN-US">5g</span></chmetcnv>、植物油<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="3" unitname="g"><span lang="EN-US">3g</span></chmetcnv>、盐<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="2" unitname="g"><span lang="EN-US">2g</span></chmetcnv>、草鱼<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="150" unitname="g"><span lang="EN-US">150g</span></chmetcnv>、葱<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="5" unitname="g"><span lang="EN-US">5g</span></chmetcnv>、</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="宋体"> </font></span></span><font face="宋体">淀粉<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="3" unitname="g"><span lang="EN-US">3g</span></chmetcnv>、糖<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="2" unitname="g"><span lang="EN-US">2g</span></chmetcnv>、酱油<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="3" unitname="g"><span lang="EN-US">3g</span></chmetcnv>、醋<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="3" unitname="g"><span lang="EN-US">3g</span></chmetcnv>、姜末</font><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">1 g<br/> 1</span>．请计算该患者每天获得多少能量和三大能量营养素<span lang="EN-US">? </span>摄入多少维生素<span lang="EN-US">A</span>、<span lang="EN-US">D</span>和维生素<span lang="EN-US">B1</span>、</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>B2</font></span><font face="宋体">、维生素<span lang="EN-US">C ? </span>摄入多少铁、钙、锌元素</font><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">?<br/> 2</span>．三大能量营养素供能比例是否合理</font><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">? <br/> 3</span>．能量和其他营养素满足<span lang="EN-US">DRI</span>要求吗？</font><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"> <br/> 4</span>．优质蛋白质占总蛋白质的比例为多少，是否合理<span lang="EN-US">?<p></p></span></font></span></span></p>